Journal of Tamil Peraivu (தமிழ்ப் பேராய்வு ஆய்விதழ்)

திருமந்திரமும் திருப்புகழும் காட்டும் சித்தரியல்: ஓர் ஒப்பிடு (The Principles of Siddhars (Siddhariyal) in Tirumanthitam and Tiruppukal: A Comparison)

Ramalingam Iyakanoo — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Siddhars are esteemed yogis who have achieved profound knowledge and mastery over the mind to realize divine truth. The term siddhariyal encompasses the principles, ethics, and philosophies of the siddhars, whose spiritual objective is to attain immortality, liberation, and eternal bliss within a single lifetime. Their approach is highly individualized, with diverse principles related to God, the soul, the body, liberation, and yogic practices aimed at achieving their spiritual goals. This study, conducted as a library-based research, explores the principles of God, the soul, and Kundalini experience as outlined in the texts Tirumanthiram and Tiruppukal. These texts, rich in philosophical content (cattiram) associated with tantric principles, were examined and cross-referenced with the teachings of renowned siddhars. The analysis reveals that both texts underscore the doctrine of the Siddhars: the existence of a singular deity, Siva, who manifests as Sivam and Sakti within the state of consciousness known as vettaveli. Siva is considered immanent in the soul, while Kundalini represents the mystic energy that bridges the divine and the soul within this state of consciousness. The principles of God, the soul, and Kundalini are thus interconnected, reflecting the siddhars' pursuit of divine realization, immortality, and eternal bliss. A thorough understanding of these three principles is essential for achieving divine realization and experiencing eternal bliss in one's life.

சைவசித்தாந்த மெய்யியல் நோக்கில் சோமசுந்தரப் புலவரின் உயிரிளங்குமரன் நாடகம் (The play 'Uyirilangumaran' by Somasundara Pulavar from the perspective of Saiva Siddhanta Philosophy)

Dr. T. Selvamanoharan Thiruchelvam — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

The Archaic religion in Sri Lanka is Saivism, which is characterized by its philosophical doctrine. Its true essence lies in Saiva Siddhanta, and the culmination of Saivism is Saiva Siddhanta. By elucidating the essence of the three entities—Pati (God), Pasu (individual soul), and Pasa (karma)—and transforming them into true elements, Saiva Siddhanta asserts, "By removing the impurities of the soul, one attains its essence." This philosophy, expounded by the great scholar Somasundara Pulavar, has gained recognition through various works and platforms in medieval Sri Lanka. Understanding his contemporary society well, he advocated for the acceptance and understanding of Saivism and Saiva Siddhanta, blending them seamlessly into his life. He crafted a drama titled "Uyirilangkumaran," incorporating these philosophies, which spans five acts and thirteen scenes. Pulavar addressed societal issues by aligning them with Saiva Siddhanta ideology and created the drama as a means of propagating it. However, this synthesis of Saiva Siddhanta philosophy into literary works and its interpretation poses a challenge, requiring further scholarly investigation. Somasundara Pulavar's initiative in shaping Saiva Siddhanta discourse and its pedagogy, along with the tools utilized for its dissemination, form the basis for this study. While this research primarily focuses on qualitative research methodologies, it also necessitates quantitative and evaluative methods such as surveys.

ந. பச்சைபாலனின் நவீன கவிதைகளில் அங்கதக் கூறுகள் (Satirical Techniques in the Modern Poetry of N. Pachaibalan)

Agilan Subramaniam, Dr. Ravindaran Maraya, Dr. Sivapalan Govindasamy — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This study explores the use of satire in a collection of poems by the distinguished poet N. Pachaibalan, focusing on how he employs humor, irony, and sarcasm to address social, political, and cultural issues. Utilizing qualitative text analysis based on Tolkappiyar's Angkatam theory, which includes the concepts of Cemporul Angkatam and Palikara Angkatam, this research examines the poet’s application of these satirical frameworks. The analysis reveals that Pachaibalan effectively integrates various elements of Angkatam, specifically targeting individuals. The study identifies five instances of satire within the framework of Cemporul Angkatam and three instances within Palikara Angkatam. Among these, two instances correspond to Pugalvathu Pol Palippatu and one to Palippatu Pol Pugalvathu. The findings highlight Pachaibalan's adept use of Tolkappiyar's theoretical constructs to reinforce the role of satire as a powerful mechanism for social critique in his poetry.

தமிழ்மொழிப் பாட கற்றல் கற்பித்தலில் கற்றலாட்டியம் உத்தியின் பயன்பாடு (The Effectiveness of Gamification Strategies in Teaching And Learning Tamil Language Literature)

Annie Margaret Anthony, Dr. Ravindaran Maraya, Dr. K. Silllalee — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

The literature component in language subjects plays a crucial role in fostering an appreciation and love for the language among students. Additionally, literature lessons guide students to think critically and creatively. However, previous studies have shown that students in Tamil schools at the primary level lack interest and participation in the teaching and learning activities of Tamil literature, which hinders their ability to fully grasp and appreciate its value. This situation suggests a need for improvement in teaching and learning methods.The Fourth Industrial Revolution encourages the use of digital technology in teaching and learning activities. In this era of globalization, integrating gamification into learning is one of the new approaches. Gamification is a method that combines the content of 21st-century teaching and learning with elements of game mechanics. It makes learning enjoyable while also encouraging higher-order thinking. Teachers are increasingly using free online gamification tools such as Kahoot, Wordwall, and Quizziz in teaching and learning activities. This study explores how gamification is being used in teaching and learning, and how it motivates students to acquire and enhance their skills. The qualitative research method is employed in this study, where relevant research papers, books, and articles are selected, and data is collected through descriptive methods. Based on this approach, previous studies have shown that gamification strategies are effective in fully engaging students in the teaching and learning activities of the literature component in Tamil language subjects, thereby improving their performance.

தமிழ் சித்த மருத்துவப் பாரம்பரியம் (The Tamil Siddha Medicine Tradition)

Bavani Arumugam — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

When a siddhar achieves Attama siddhis, they are referred to as intelligent and enlightened beings. Tamil literature, astronomy, astrology, medicine, alchemy, science, social philosophy, yoga, spirituality, physics, and many other disciplines have all benefited greatly from the contributions of the Siddhas. The practice of Siddha medicine precedes this contribution. Treatment of the three aspects of the human being—body, mind, and soul—is the focus of Siddha medicine. Tamil immigrants have brought siddha medicine, which is highly popular in South India, to other nations. On the palm leaves, the Siddhas jotted down the cures. Following independence, Siddha medicine was methodically compiled into a curriculum and is now offered as a required course in both public and private universities. Among the numerous fields the Siddhas left behind, Siddha medicine plays a major role in human health

பாரதியாரின் புதிய ஆத்திசூடிக்கும் பாரதிதாசன் ஆத்திசூடிக்கும் ஓர் ஒப்பாய்வு (A Comparative Study between Bharathiyar’s Puthiya Aathichudi and Bharathitasan Aathichudi)

Mannosh Rama — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This research explores the distinctiveness of Tamil literary traditions, particularly focusing on the Aathichudi genre, which has held a prominent place in Tamil literature. Following the era of Avvaiyar, significant new thoughts were introduced by Bharathiyar with his Puthiya Aathichudi Subsequently, Bharathidasan also contributed to this genre with his own version, published in 1947 as the Bharathidasan Aathichudi. This study examines the thematic content of these two works through the lens of eight key components: rhetorical skill, art, thought, and a sense of unity. By analyzing these components, the research identifies both similarities and differences between Bharathiyar’s and Bharathidasan’s interpretations and expressions within their respective Aathichudi compositions. The study employs a cultural approach to contrast these works and provides insights into how each poet's treatment of these themes reflects their unique perspectives and contexts. The comparative analysis aims to deepen the understanding of the evolution of literary thought and expression in Tamil literature through these influential texts.

மூன்றாம் ஆண்டு மாணவர்கள் வாசிப்பில் ஏற்படுத்தும் சிக்கல்களும்; ஆசிரியர்கள் எதிர் நோக்கும் சவால்களும் (Problems in Reading Faced by Year Three Students and Challenges Faced by Teachers)

Gunasekaran Kuppusamy, Ilangkumaran Sivanadhan — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Reading literacy skills is a basic skill that all primary school students need to learn and master. If these skills are not mastered it will affect their learning process. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine the problem faced year three students to mastering of literacy skills for reading in Tamil Language. Apart from that this study also reveals the challenges faced by year three Tamil Language teacher while teaching reading literacy to students. This study was conducted with 8 Tamil language teachers in Malaysia from urban and rural schools. This is a qualitative study using semi - structured interview method. Research results show that students faced various problems in reading literacy. The common problem students in reading literacy they are unable recognize the Tamil letters as well. Apart from that, they cannot read words, sentences and lastly passage. In addition, students also cannot pronounce the letters and words in the correct way. Always take leaves to school, lazyness, lack of concentration and parents support, and poor family background make this reading literacy problem it gives more trouble to teacher for solve. Teachers also claim that schools do not provide teaching aids for teaching students in reading literacy. In addition, work loaded make teachers cannot prepare teaching aids for reading activities to students. They suggested the reading teaching aids in form of digital will easyly solve the problem becouse students will give more interest when using it. Therefore, teachers of the Tamil language should play an important role so that students can master the skill of reading.

சீனி நைனா முகம்மது கவிதைகளில் பொருள்வேறுபாடு சார்ந்த புணர்ச்சிவிதிகள் – ஓர் ஆய்வு (A Study on the Definition Variation - Based Punarriyal Method in Seeni Naina Mohamed’s Poetries)

Seeniwasan Sandran, Dr. Manonmani Devi M.A.R Annamalai — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This study investigates the use of the definition variation-based Punarriyal method of Tamil grammar in the poetry of Seeni Naina Mohamed. The Punarriyal method, an ancient technique for defining words through variations in their meanings, has significantly influenced Tamil poetry. This research focuses on how Seeni Naina Mohamed, a Tamil grammarian, poet, researcher, and journalist, employs this method in his works. The study analyzes 111 poems from Seeni Naina Mohamed's collections, Ungal Kural and Thenkoodu, using a qualitative approach to elucidate the application of the definition variation-based Punarriyal method. The findings reveal that Seeni Naina Mohamed utilized this method across 10 types of words, guided by 5 theoretical frameworks. This approach differentiates from traditional Punarriyal, Phonetical Punarriyal, and Poruḷ Cārnta Puṇarcci methods in Tamil grammar. As the first study to explore the definition variation-based Punarriyal method in depth, this research offers new insights into Tamil grammar, contributing to a broader understanding of its application in contemporary poetry. The study's outcomes are expected to influence future research and scholarly discussions on Tamil grammatical methods, particularly in relation to poetic expression and linguistic theory.

பாரதியின் தொலைநோக்குப் பார்வையும் தற்கால தொழில்நுட்ப வளர்ச்சியும் ஓர் ஒப்பீடு (A Comparison Between Mahakavi Bharathi's Vision and Modern Technological Development)

Dr. Parvathi Vellachami — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Futuristic thinking involves the speculative exercise of visionary, rational, creative, and dynamic mental processes to plan and shape society's response to evolving global challenges. This approach enables individuals to adapt proactively to future realities through interdisciplinary collaboration and creative imagination, fostering innovative solutions to pressing global issues and enhancing resilience amidst uncertainty. In the context of contemporary globalization, societies are increasingly required to think critically and creatively, solve complex problems, create new opportunities, and maintain mental endurance. This study examines how Bharathiar's visionary thinking in the 20th century, as reflected in his poetry, serves as a foundational framework and guiding force for technological development in the 21st century. Bharathiar's emphasis on the importance of information and communication technology, vocational education, and practical skills for the younger generation underscores a progressive vision aligned with global advancements. By comparing Bharathiar's futuristic perspectives with current technological trends, this research aims to demonstrate the relevance and impact of his ideas on modern technological and educational progress. This comparative analysis highlights the continuity and evolution of Bharathiar's foresight in shaping contemporary advancements and inspiring future generations

விறலி - கலைநிகழ்த்தலும் வரலாறும் (Virali – Performance and History)

Dr. V. Kannadasan — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

The ancient Tamil grammar text Tolkāppiyam, particularly through its Porulāṭikāram section, provides valuable insights into the societal structure, cultural practices, and artistic expressions of early Tamil civilization. This research focuses on the diverse artistic and cultural contributions of various groups identified within the text, with a specific emphasis on the Viraliyar. Unlike other artists categorized as Kuthar, Panar, and Porunar, the Viraliyar possessed unique roles and characteristics that warrant detailed examination. The Viraliyar are distinct in their artistic expressions, which include singing, dancing, or both, and played a significant role in both the external and internal domains of leadership. Externally, they were involved in the battlefield, aligning their talents with the leaders' military endeavors. Internally, their understanding of leaders' psychology enabled them to act as mediators and conflict resolvers, highlighting their integral role in maintaining social harmony and guiding leaders through personal and political challenges. This study explores how the Viraliyar transitioned from their traditional artistic roles to other societal functions in later periods, reflecting broader shifts in social and cultural dynamics. By examining the Viraliyar’s contributions and their evolution, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the lifestyle and cultural activities of this historically significant art community. This analysis not only sheds light on the role of the Viraliyar within Tamil society but also contributes to the broader discourse on the development of cultural practices and artistic expressions in ancient Tamil Nadu.

தமிழர் வாழ்வியலில் ஓவியம் மற்றும் இசைக்கருவிகளின் தொன்மை (Antiquity of Painting and musical instruments in Tamil life)

Dr.V.Renuka — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

For the welfare of ancient Tamils, For well - being The foundation and source was the social structure and administration created by good governance. The true rise of ancient Tamil Nadu in the dichotomy of ruler and ruled was determined by the lifestyle of the people. When the Tamil community, branching out from the individual, began to live in a unified manner, it underwent growth and change, and administration took shape. With vendan as the center of government, the administration of Tamil Nadu was run by Population, taxation, customs, trade, agriculture, weaving, goods gained from war victories, etc. In Tamil Nadu, where many moral ideals were integrated, the code of life, development of thought, customs, artistic sensibilities etc originated. The main objective of this study is to investigate the way of literature, the art of painting and music of ancient Tamils and to know the antiquity of the unique artistic skills of the Tamil language

கி. ராஜநாராயணனின் (கி.ரா.) வேட்டி சிறுகதையில் கலாச்சாரப் பண்பாட்டு வரலாற்றுப் பதிவுகள் (Cultural and Historical References in Vetti Short Story by K. Rajanarayanan (K.R.))

Dr. R. Subbulakshmi — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This article delves into the multifaceted elements of Vetti's short story, examining its structural components, thematic content, and historical context. A noteworthy aspect highlighted is the depiction of ancient men's attire and Dhungana Nayak's unique bathing practices. The article emphasizes the role of traditional handlooms, such as kuzhimal and Mal vettis, which are central to the narrative and significant to the local community's livelihood. It further explores the cultural importance of Neem seeds (Veppamuthu) and tamarind seeds (Puliyangottai) as presented in the story. Additionally, the article discusses the Independence Day Silver Festival, integrating historical references and contemporary news. The study concludes with a summary of Vetti's short story, offering a comprehensive and insightful analysis that enhances understanding of the narrative's various dimensions.

மொழிபெயர்ப்பின் முக்கிய விதிகள் மற்றும் இன்றியமையாப் பண்புகள் (Basic Rules and Essential Characteristics of Translation)

Dr. D.Samuthiraraj — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

At the dawn of the 19th century, Tamil translation efforts saw significant progress, initially focusing on providing essential educational texts in Tamil. However, by the mid-19th century, the shift towards English as the primary language of instruction in schools led to a decline in translation activities, relegating Tamil to a secondary role in education. This stagnation persisted until the early 20th century when a renewed emphasis on education in native languages revived translation work. The resurgence of Tamil translation efforts aimed to make research findings, scholarly articles, scientific advancements, and agricultural technologies accessible in Tamil. This period marked a critical shift towards translating a wide array of knowledge into Tamil to facilitate learning and dissemination across various fields. For over two millennia, Tamil translation has been influenced by classical languages such as Pali, Prakrit, and Sanskrit. The practice of translating texts, often initiated by Western scholars, underscores the importance of bridging gaps in translation quality and accessibility. Bharathiyar's call for translators to address deficiencies in our practices highlights the ongoing need for improvement. Despite the translation of numerous foreign scholarly works into Tamil, understanding the core principles and qualities of effective translation remains essential. This article explores these fundamental aspects, offering insights into the evolving landscape of Tamil translation and its critical role in the preservation and advancement of knowledge in the Tamil-speaking world.

பண்டைத் தமிழர் உணவு முறையில் ஊன்சோறு (Exploring Uunchoru: An Analysis of Ancient Tamil Cuisine)

Dr. S. Kanmani Ganesan — Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This research article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the traditional Tamil dish ‘Uunchoru’ which was consumed in ancient Tamil Nadu. The study delves into the intricate details of its preparation and consumption, offering insights into the culinary practices and eating habits that prevailed during that era. The research employs an analytical approach, utilizing ten historical idylls and anthologies as primary sources to reconstruct the gastronomic traditions associated with ‘Uunchoru’. These primary texts offer a window into the ingredients, cooking techniques, and cultural significance of the dish. To complement the primary sources, the research incorporates secondary sources, including the interpretations of commentators and contemporary researchers. These secondary sources provide additional context and highlight the evolution of food practices over time. Notably, the study reveals that, despite the passage of approximately two thousand years, there has been minimal change in Tamil cooking and eating habits. The main exception to this continuity is the avoidance of certain meats, specifically those from elephant, deer, and iguana, which were once consumed but are now excluded from the modern Tamil diet. This research underscores the remarkable consistency in Tamil culinary traditions and practices, despite broader historical and cultural changes. By analyzing historical texts and comparing them with contemporary practices, the study contributes valuable insights into the persistence of traditional food practices and their adaptation over time. This examination not only enhances our understanding of ancient Tamil cuisine but also highlights the enduring nature of cultural food practices in Tamil Nadu.