Education Gap during Emergency Remote Learning amongst Primary School Students in Selangor Low-Cost Flats

Abstract

This study examined the root causes of the education gap for primary school students living in Selangor low-cost flats throughout emergency remote learning during the Movement Control Order in Malaysia (2020-21). It assessed the availability of resources and preparedness for teaching and learning during emergency remote learning and analysed the effect of emergency remote learning on teachers, parents, and students. The study was conducted in three low-cost flats in Selangor, Malaysia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted amongst 12 parents (3 focus group interviews) and three school leaders of these students, with complementary interviews from three selected Malaysian Ministry of Education officers (state and federal level). Thematic analysis was conducted on the interview responses using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) model framework embedded within the principal-agent theory. This study identifies positive input and processes throughout emergency remote learning, namely in content resources, flexible Ministry of Education guidelines, and proactive school leadership. It also evaluates the weaknesses in the education process, specifically in reporting communications and participation in online lessons. This study concludes with a two-pronged policy recommendation for short-term recovery and prevention and the long-term establishment of a robust online learning system.