ELEMENTS FOR DESIGNING A MOBILE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR PROBLEM-SOLVING OF PROBABILITY: THE EXPERTS’ CONSENSUS

Abstract

It is important for students in the Malaysian Matriculation System who learn probability to develop problem-solving skills as it could help in important roles encompassing various fields. This study aims to identify the essential elements for designing a mobile learning environment that facilitates problem-solving of probability based on the consensus of experts in the area. Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) was employed to collect data from a panel of nineteen experts whose expertise ranged from Mathematics Education, Matriculation Mathematics, Technology in Education and Instructional Technology. A semi-structured interview was first conducted to come up with the elements and sub-elements required for the FDM questionnaire instrument. The questionnaire was developed using a five-point linguistic scale. The conditions to be fulfilled were that the threshold value (d) needed to be less than or equal to 0.2 and percentage of expert consensus needed to be greater than or equal to 75%. For the defuzzification process meanwhile, the fuzzy score (A) was required to be greater than or equal to the alpha-cut value of 0.5. The results indicated the experts’ consensus on the elements objectives, contents, instructional strategies for students’ learning and suitable platform or technology. These findings have significant implications for designing the mobile learning environment for problem-solving of probability.