Journal of Al-Tamaddun

Rakhmad Zailani Kiki (2022). Intellectual Genealogy of Betawi Ulama: Tracking the Betawi Ulama Network from the Beginning of the 19th Century to the 21st Century. Jakarta: Jakarta Islamic Centre. 213 Pages. ISBN: 978-602-98707-0-1

Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The Center for Islamic Research and Development of Jakarta, better known as the Jakarta Islamic Centre (JIC), has in recent years become a reference point for Islamic and Betawi studies both in Indonesia and overseas. The research on the Intellectual Genealogy of the Betawi Ulama, conducted by JIC, began at the end of 2006 and continued until 2017, including visits to primary sources of information. This research extended beyond Indonesia to several countries in Southeast Asia, such as Malaysia, Singapore, Pattani in Thailand, and Cambodia, to trace the spread of Islamic da’wah. The history of Betawi is closely linked to the history of Islam in the archipelago. However, it remains minimally explored and lacks comprehensive, in-depth research by scholars, particularly concerning the intellectual genealogy of Betawi ulama.

A Preliminary Work on the Intellectual and Civilisational Dimensions of the Al-Jawaib Based on Ottoman Sources

Mehmet Ozay (Corresponding Author); Waleed Fekry Faris — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This study was an investigation of the relationships between Ahmad Faris al-Shidyaq, editor of the al-Jawaib (Circulating News), an Arabic newspaper published in İstanbul, his son Selim Faris, and the Ottoman authorities, utilising only Ottoman archival documents, in particular, the Presidential Ottoman Archives (BOA) between 1859 and 1887. Since this paper is the initial one of many, the complete biography of Ahmad Faris and the content analysis of al-Jawaib were not discussed, but only the relevant issues within the aforementioned period. And it also explored the partial life of Ahmad Faris al-Shidyaq. Although the editor and his newspaper are well-known, certain aspects of the relationship between Ahmad Faris and the Ottoman authorities in the Ottoman archival document have yet to be elaborated on. This brief study examined the correspondences between Ahmad Faris and the Ottoman authorities descriptively without delving into details. Since these archival documents were generally intact, it seemed to be worth analysing in this article. Before studying the journalistic and intellectual contents and contexts of the al-Jawaib, it would be valuable to see the development of the relationship between Ahmad Faris and the Ottoman authorities. Several fundamental questions come to mind, and it is believed that the answers to these would be helpful in comprehending other aspects in the later stages of the al-Jawaib publication of almost 25 years. This research-based paper applied historical archival study with an interpretative approach.

Cultural Marginalization of Bride Price (Uang Panai) in Bugis-Makassar Society, Indonesia: A Case Study of MUI Fatwa

Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article seeks to elucidate the marginalization of uang panai within the Bugis-Makassar culture, as addressed in the islamic ruling (fatwa) issued by the MUI of South Sulawesi. Furthermore, it aims to provide a critical examination and potential solutions to enhance the significance of uang panai in contemporary Bugis-Makassar society. The central thesis posits that local culture functions as a socially constructed choice, with its continuity reflecting tangible benefits for its adherents. This study employs a literature review methodology, utilizing the MUI fatwa of South Sulawesi Province, Number: 02 of 2022, concerning Uang panai as the primary source for analysis. It is further explored through a sociocultural lens and informed by critical discourse analysis. The findings indicate that the MUI's fatwa has shifted the nature of uang panai from being obligatory (binding) within Bugis culture to merely permissible (non-binding). The status of uang panai, which is culturally akin to bride price, is positioned by the MUI as subordinate to bride price, reducing it to a mere complement. These varied perspectives held by the MUI exemplify the marginalization of uang panai, a cultural element that warrants preservation. Therefore, it is imperative to foster collaboration among diverse stakeholders to uphold the essence, value, and significance of uang panai. As a recognized authority in Islamic jurisprudence, the MUI must play a leading role in establishing partnerships with relevant parties, particularly traditional leaders and the Bugis-Makassar community, given that the issue of uang panai is fundamentally cultural rather than religious, having existed since the pre-Islamic era.

Integration Between Adat and Islam in the Practice of Religious Freedom in West Sumatra

Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article explores the concept of local wisdom of the Bodi Caniago adat [custom] and the Tarekat Shattariyyah as the basis for religious freedom in the Sungai Buluh Minang Community (SBMC) of Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra. The article was not merely based on a literature review, but was also supported with observations and interviews with traditional and tarekat leaders between 2017-2018 to show an accommodative relationship between religious freedom in the Nias Community (NC) and Islamic humanism as the SBMC’s local wisdom. The findings show that the existence of houses of worship for minority groups and the freedom to practice religion in them is made possible through the legitimate support of traditional and popular religious institutions (tarekat) which are inclusive because they emphasize equality and humanity (tolerance). Equality reflected in the concept of deliberation and consensus in the Bodi Caniago custom has provided space for religious freedom for the Nias Community (NC). At the same time, tolerance which emphasizes respect for humans and different entities including NC in the Tarekat Shattariyyah further strengthens it. Theoretically, the values of equality and tolerance reflect the discourse of Islamic humanism which is marked by an anthropo-cosmic human that connects God, nature and humans, as well as a pluralistic epistemology between tradition, Islam and a sense of responsibility towards society. This article argues that values such as equality and tolerance which are deeply-rooted in Islamic humanism are compatible with human rights, especially religious freedom, as a civilized practice based on religion.

Best Practices and Good Governance of Ottoman Empire in Acehnese Manuscript of Hikayat Eseutamu

Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Ancient manuscripts preserve local knowledge and connect the past, present, and future in a global context. Their legacy is considerable because they help in the scientific mapping of what the ancestors left behind. This study aims to analyze the content of an Acehnese manuscript entitled Hikayat Eseutamu, which describes how the Acehnese appreciated the Turkish kingdom in the past. This manuscript exhaustively elaborates on the best practices, good governance, and proper conduct of the Ottoman Empire. Using philological and historical approaches, this study analyzes the content of Hikayat Eseutamu manuscript, which was written in Acehnese, and provides international information about the Acehnese-Turkish relationship. The findings of this study show that the Ottoman Empire was able to convince the Acehnese of the positive connection between diplomacy and social communication at both the governmental and public levels. This study is expected to have a long-term impact on state relations between Turkey and Indonesia.

Late Antiquity Revisited: Angelika Neuwirth's View on the Story of Prophet Abraham

Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This article sheds light on Angelika Neuwirth’s perspective on the Late Antiquity of Prophet Abraham in the Qur’an. Neuwirth examines the connections between the Qur’anic, Jewish, Christian, and pagan traditions, considering the development of religions and the collapse of the Roman civilisation in Europe during the Late Antiquity. She aims to foster dialogue between scriptures, highlighting the shared history of the Qur’an with other scriptures as part of the Abrahamic religion during that era. Using a critical study approach, this article analyses Neuwirth’s ideas and compares them with Islamic literature to critique her thoughts. The results indicate that Neuwirth employs literary and historical criticism through microstructure analysis and intertextual studies to interpret Quranic verses. She starts by distinguishing between the two manifestations of the Qur’an: oral transmission (Qur’ān) and written form (Kitāb). Neuwirth then deconstructs the revelation, treating the Qur’an as an invisible text to facilitate its literal and historical study. Her method resembles a hermeneutic development when studying Qur’anic verses and focuses on a diachronic reading between the Qur’an and the Bible.

Genealogy and Orientation of the Islamic Modernist Movement in Indonesia: Case Study of the Muhammadiyah Renewal Movement

Mohammad Takdir, Akhmad Sirojuddin Munir — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This research elaborates on the genealogy and orientation of the Muhammadiyah renewal movement as one of Indonesia’s most prominent Islamic organizations. Muhammadiyah is an Islamic modernist movement that promotes reform in various fields, such as social, political, economic, educational, and religious. This research uses qualitative research to explore the genealogy and orientation of the Muhammadiyah renewal movement as the pioneer of the Islamic modernist movement in Indonesia. This research uses a library study to explore essential data about the Muhammadiyah renewal movement using a historical-sociological approach. Meanwhile, the data collection techniques used in this research are documentation techniques originating from books, research reports, and journal articles. The data analysis used is a descriptive analysis based on valid and up-to-date literature data. Meanwhile, the theory used to analyze the genealogy and orientation of the Muhammadiyah renewal movement is social mobilization theory. The results of this research indicate that (1) the genealogy of the Islamic modernist movement in the case of Muhammadiyah is motivated by problems associated with social crisis, moral crisis, education, religion, and the response to the development of Christianization in Indonesia (2) the orientation of the Muhammadiyah renewal movement is the creation of intellectual modernism, social modernism, and spiritual modernism among generations of Indonesian Muslims.

Western Academic Insight of Islam and its Prophet: A Critical Reading to the Writings of Watt, Norman, and Considine

Fahd Mohammed Taleb Saeed Al-Olaqi (Corresponding Author) — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

There has been a gradual change in the Western academic stand toward developing scholarly approaches to investigate Prophet Muhammad’s Islamic mission to the world. Early Western Orientalists presented Prophet Muhammad as a mistaken person to the founder of Islam and antichrist, but this is continually refined by academic advancement. Although Europeans now have a more realistic view of Islam and its Prophet, some historical biases persist, such as the portrayal of Thomas Carlyle for Prophet Muhammad as a world leader or hero. However, his true nature as a divine messenger is entirely missed or denied. Watt, Norman, and Considine examined, sorted, and proved some distorted reports. These academic experts advanced their approaches to understanding Prophet Muhammad’s manners. They acknowledged the reflection of a European prejudice toward the Western material about Islam and its Messenger. More hard work is required to narrow the gap of misunderstanding between Islam and The West.

The Failure of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia’s Strategy in Establishing Khilafah: Advice for the Government Policies

Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The objective of this study is to analyze the shortcomings of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia’s strategy in establishing an Islamic caliphate within the country. This research employs a qualitative approach through content analysis and field studies, which include interviews with prominent figures associated with Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) activities. The findings indicate that while HTI executed all phases of their strategy, they ultimately failed to establish a caliphate in Indonesia, concomitant with their decline in presence within the nation. This failure can be attributed to the significant rejection of the caliphate concept by the majority of Islamic community organizations in Indonesia. Furthermore, HTI’s strategy exhibited a lack of depth, as evidenced by a conceptual inconsistency between their approach and divine promises. This research opens avenues for future inquiries into HTI’s physical political movements and their systemic implications. Additionally, it elucidates the manner in which HTI implemented each stage of their strategy and provides insights into the reasons behind their inability to establish the caliphate. The study aims to enhance public awareness regarding the strategies employed by Islamic political groups operating in Indonesia. From a social perspective, the findings serve as reference material for political policies in Indonesia, particularly concerning transnational ideologies that have gained traction in recent decades. Previous studies have failed to adequately explore the execution and outcomes associated with HTI’s strategic implementation; this study specifically addresses the deficiencies in HTI’s strategy execution.

Contributions of Tuan Husayn Naṣīr to Intellectual Dynamism and Heuristic Development in Malay Society

Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The enhancement of the significance of traditional scholars and the consolidation of the turath works of Malay heritage represent a vital asset that embodies cultural richness and provides a framework for the advancement of a nation’s civilization. Tuan Ḥusayn Naṣīr, commonly known as Tuan Ḥusayn Kedah, is a distinguished scholar who has made substantial contributions to the intellectual progression and social dynamics of society as it navigated various challenges during his time. This article employs qualitative methodologies, particularly historical analysis, drawing upon notes and historical data derived from manuscripts and other relevant works. Preliminary findings from this study reveal that Tuan Ḥusayn stands as a prominent intellectual figure in Tanah Melayu, advocating for the enhancement of national intellectualism while effectively fostering a synergistic mentality among the Malay community. The endeavours of previous scholars have significantly elevated the nation’s intellectual landscape and played a crucial role in the development of a distinguished Malay civilisation.

A Comprehensive Study of A. Zh. Mashanov’s Islamic Heritage and Its Impact on Historical Scholarship

Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The relevance of the study is determined by the need for multifaceted examination and analysis of the extensive literary legacy of the Kazakh scientist and encyclopaedist Akzhan Mashanov. The purpose of the investigation is to summarise and analyse the historic heritage of Mashanov, and to highlight the main trends of the historical works of the scientist. The study employed both general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, ascending from the abstract to the concrete and vice versa, notably, the descriptive method, the comparative method, and special methods of historiographical research, in particular, the comparative-historical method, critical analysis, as well as the method of discourse analysis. This study delves into A. Mashanov’s writings concerning the history of science and explores his examinations of the life and contributions of the Islamic scholar Al-Farabi to modern science. The findings reveal that A. Mashanov’s historical heritage is remarkably vast and diverse, extending well beyond the realm of Farabi studies. The theoretical significance of the study lies in broadening the discussion of the historic heritage of A. Mashanov, expanding knowledge about him, as well as further exploring aspects of his creative work and the multifaceted personality of the great scholar. The practical significance of the work lies in a thorough study of A. Mashanov’s scientific findings as an encyclopaedic scholar, which could have an impact on subsequent research in various areas.

Contextualising Adab in Islamic Education from the Perspective of Al-Attas

Moh In'ami (Corresponding Author); Bambang, Ismail Suardi Wekke — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This study examines Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas’s distinct approach to Islamic education, focusing on his conceptualization of adab within the educational framework. Character research methods are employed, involving an in-depth review of Al-Attas’ works, alongside relevant literature on his philosophy. This research aims to analyse and articulate Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas’ practical contributions to Islamic educational thought, particularly in the contextualization of adab. The study utilises Paul Recoeur’s hermeneutic method, specifically the processes of distanciation and appropriation, to interpret Al-Attas’ ideas. Findings reveal that Al-Attas perceives each culture as possessing distinct, often irreconcilable, educational values despite their surface-level similarities. Central to Al-Attas’ educational vision, it is found that the contextualisation of adab in his thoughts relates to the purpose of education, focusing on producing a good human being, or in the Islamic tradition referred to as insan kamil.

Narratives on Terrorism in Iraq through the Arabic Novels of Yā Maryam, Al-Kāfirah, and Frankenstein fī Baghdād

Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

To date, the narratives on terrorism carried out by some scholars tend to use a monolithic perspective that relates the acts of terrorism as a manifestation of the dogmatic teaching of a particular belief. Massive narratives on terrorism through this monolithic perspective reached their momentum after the infamous 9/11 terrorist attack. Therefore, there is a need to study terrorism through Arabic novels through a more genuine narrative. This paper aims to analyze Arabic novels on terrorism in the Iraqi context. The author investigates how Arab novelists narrate terrorism in their literary works. The novels studied here are 1) Yā Maryam by [O…Maryam] Sinan Antoon (2012), 2) Al-Kāfirah [The Disbelieve, fem.] by Ali Badr (2015), and Frankenstein fī Baghdād [Frankenstein in Baghdad] by Ahmad Sa'dawi (2013). The study found that the three novels represent the same narratives on terrorism: terrorism is detrimental and destroys social lives. The acts of terrorism do not represent any true religious belief, but it was a deviated one coming from misinterpretation of religious doctrines.

Elemen Tawhidik Dalam Perbincangan Ilmu Geometri Karya Tokoh Islam: Analisis Terhadap Kitab al-Hiyal oleh al-Farabi

Shahrul Nizam Ishak (Corresponding Author); Shaik Abdullah Hassan Mydin — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

There is a peculiarity among scholars in the present day when the field of geometry is linked to al-Farabi (d. 950M/339H)and even some Western scientists are also failing to acknowledge the relationship between the two. Nevertheless, Ibn Abi Usaybi‘ah (m. 1270M/668H) characterized al-Farabi as a smart individual proficient in mathematical sciences, while Seyyed Hossein Nasr (1933M/1351H-present) referred to him as a Muslim philosopher-scientist. Hence, this paper aims to highlight and elucidate al-Farabi's geometrical treatise, al-Hiyal al-Ruhaniyyah Wa al-Asrar al-Tabi‘iyyah Fi Daqa’iq al-Asykal al-Handasiyyah (al-Hiyal), by examining the tawhidic elements within his discourse. The focus of the discussion of the book is on the construction algorithm of various geometric shapes based on lines and surfaces. However, this study's completion relies on a qualitative methodology that uses content analysis as its foundation. The research findings indicate that the organization of themes inside the chapters is distinctly aligned with the complexity levels of geometric form production. The author's notes succinctly and eloquently articulate details such the title designation, the rationale for writing, the uniqueness of the composition, the classification of al-Sina‘at al-Handasiyyah, the completion date and praises for the divine essence. Elements of tawhidic associations can be traced through four words, namely Basmalah, al-Jalalah, Solawah and InsyaAllah, which are found in his discussion. Therefore, emphasizing the book al-Hiyal by al-Farabi, particularly its discourse on tawhidic, would be advantageous in fostering interest among students in contemporary studies related to geometric science, as the foundation of every new civilization is built upon the accomplishments of preceding societies.

Contemporary Changes in Islamic Higher Education in Indonesia: Dynamic Encounter Between Modernisation and Tradition

Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The primary mandate of Islamic higher education in Indonesia, upon its establishment, was to preserve Islamic sciences and counter secularism. However, the transformation of IAIN into UIN in 2000 introduced a curriculum that integrated modern sciences, often categorized as secular due to their focus on worldly and nonreligious matters. This study explores how this shift occurred and its implications for Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia. Using historical analysis of institutional legacies, documentary reviews, and the biographies of reformist thinkers, the findings reveal that this transformation was a gradual evolutionary process influenced by alumni educated in Western contexts. The shift in educational orientation from solely religious to broader scientific disciplines is not inherently secularizing but reflects an effort to reconcile modern sciences within an Islamic framework. Challenges in this process include the failure to produce ‘ulamā’, which traditionalist responses addressed by establishing Ma’had ‘Alī, institutions dedicated to Islamic sciences. Consequently, Islamic higher education in Indonesia today manifests in two forms: institutions that integrate modern sciences within an Islamic worldview and those that exclusively preserve traditional Islamic knowledge.

“Taqwim al-Buldan” by Abu al-Fida as a Source on Medieval Geography of Khwarazm and Transoxiana

Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

A detailed study of the work of Abu al-Fida “Taqwim al-Buldan” will make it possible to better understand the peculiarities of the Central Asian region at that time, which determines the relevance of this research. The purpose of the article is to study and analyse the data on Khwarazm and Transoxiana in the work “Taqwim al-Buldan”. Various methods were used in the study: historical-critical, comparative, descriptive, critical analysis method, content analysis method, discourse analysis method. In the course of the research, it was concluded that Abu al-Fida gives a list of 7 cities and villages in the description of Khwarazm as well as 42 settlements in Transoxiana. In his description, Abu al-Fida pays special attention to gardens, minerals, fortifications, cathedral mosques, as well as the state of science in cities. Speaking about the population of Khwarazm and Transoxiana, Abu al-Fida pays attention to the religion of the inhabitants of these cities. He identifies Mongols, who at that time controlled Central Asia, as non-Muslims, expressing a certain regret that the cities of Central Asia, which were dominated by Muslims, are now dominated by pagans. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the introduction into scientific circulation of the study of data on Khwarazm and Transoxiana in the work “Taqwim al-Buldan” will allow better understanding the medieval Islamic scholars of the Central Asian region, and, in this regard, the article can be used for further research of this problem.

The Development of Islamic Civilization in Iran: Persian Civilization and the Impact of Western Embargoes

Rizki Damayanti (Corresponding Author) — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This research aimed to investigate the dynamics of the development of Islamic civilization in Iran by exploring the complex relationship between Islam, history of Persian civilization, and impact of the Western embargo. Iran is the successor of the rich Persian civilization and has experienced significant social, political, and economic transformations since the Islamic revolution in 1979. Historical methods and contextual analysis are used to detail the development of Islam in Iran, especially in the context of Persian history. This covers the glorious period of Persian literature, art, and policy. Iran possesses an extraordinary influence in shaping world history and civilization. In addition, this research discusses the impact of the embargo imposed by Western countries in changing the economic and political dynamics of Iran. The results show that the integration of Islamic economic principles, such as social justice, equitable wealth distribution, and sustainability, has been important in the response of the country to the embargo. The interplay of Persian cultural heritage and Islamic values is reported in shaping national identity and strategic methods. A multidisciplinary theoretical framework is used to combine historical analysis, cultural analysis, and political economy theories. The method allows a comprehensive examination of religion, history, and geopolitics intersection in shaping the unique trajectory of Iran as a great Islamic civilization. By combining historical, cultural, and political analysis, this research is expected to provide a better understanding of Islam in the development of civilization, as well as the impact of Western embargo on internal and external dynamics. The results contribute to academic thinking about the interaction between religion, history, and geopolitics in the context of Iran.

Misi Penyebaran Agama Kristian Terhadap Komuniti Islam pada Era Penjajahan Portugis di Melaka, 1511–1641

Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Generally, before the arrival of the Portuguese in Malacca, the Malay community was predominantly Muslim. This is because Islam had long been established in Malacca and several Malay regions. After the Portuguese conquered Malacca in 1511, they made various efforts to spread Christianity among the local population. This article aims to provide a more comprehensive historical perspective on the Portuguese conquest of Malacca, with a specific focus on the efforts, challenges, and impact of spreading Christianity among local inhabitants. This research is a qualitative historical study, emphasizing analysis of primary sources such as Portuguese records, as well as secondary sources such as journal articles and books. The research materials were also obtained from the archives, public higher education institution libraries, and online journal databases. The finding shows that although the spread of Christianity during the Portuguese era in Malacca faced challenges, efforts were still made to influence the Muslim community. However, the acceptance of Christianity among Muslims remained limited due to their strong faith in Islam.

Qur’an Versus Kabbalah: A Reading into Palestinian-Israeli Conflict

Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This paper examines the historical development of Messianic Kabbalah and its impact on the Palestinian–Israeli conflict. It argues that the concept of redemption (tikkun), a central theme in Messianic Kabbalah, has been a significant factor in the conflict and has contributed to using force for peace. It provides a detailed analysis of the historical evolution of Messianic Kabbalah and its role in shaping the religious and political beliefs of different Jewish groups, including the Zionist settlers. It also examines the theological and philosophical foundations of Messianic ideas, which helped to establish beliefs that influenced the development of Zionism, and uses a historical-critical methodology to analyse Jewish sources in the Qur’an. It focuses on 20th-century figures like Gershom Sholem and Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook rather than earlier Zionist figures (e.g., Rabbi Yehudah Alkalai, Rabbi Hirsch Kalischer, Ahad Ha’am, Rabbi Mohilever, Jacob Klatzkin). Sholem’s pioneering analysis of Jewish mysticism and Kook’s synthesis of Messianic Kabbalah with Zionist ideology together illuminate how mystical ideas were transformed into modern political practices. This approach contrasts with the works of other Kabbalistic authorities such as Jacob Emden, Leon Modena and non-Jewish scholars like Johannes Buxtorf, Jean Morin and Jacques Basnage, whose contributions are less directly connected to the evolution of Zionist thought. The study opens the door for future research to explore the lesser-known aspects of Islamo–Judeo relations during the 12th century. The main findings of this paper pave the way towards a better understanding of the intricate relationship between religion, politics and violence in the Palestinian–Israeli conflict through the framework of the Qur’an and, specifically, how the displacement of Palestinians witnessed in modern times can be traced back to Messianic ideas. Zionism adopted Kabbalistic Messianism to justify colonialist ideologies. The theological interpretation of Messianic Kabbalism is developed in isolation of the Qur’anic interpretation and Islamic influence.

An Analytical Study on the Political and Intellectual Legacies of Necmettin Erbakan and Atilla İlhan

Aizan Ali @ Mat Zin (Corresponding Author) — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This study analyses the political and intellectual legacies of Necmettin Erbakan and Atilla İlhan, two influential figures in modern Turkish history whose ideologies have significantly shaped Türkiye’s political landscape. The main research question guiding this study is: How did the political and intellectual contributions of Erbakan and İlhan influence the development of Türkiye’s nation? The data collection method involved a documentation of primary sources, including speeches, political writings, and literary works of both figures. This was supplemented by secondary sources analysing their influence in Turkish political and intellectual circles. The analysis employed a thematic and comparative approach. The findings reveal that while Erbakan’s legacy has contributed to the rise of the AKP and political Islam, İlhan’s intellectual work has provided a strong secular and anti-Western critique that has influenced Türkiye’s intellectual left and ongoing debates about Türkiye’s place in the West. Despite their contrasting ideologies, both figures significantly contributed to the shaping of Türkiye’s national identity and its complex relationship with secularism and Islamism. The study suggests that contemporary political movements in Türkiye, particularly those related to Islamist policies and secular-nationalist discourse, are deeply informed by the legacies of both Erbakan and İlhan. In conclusion, the paper underscores the continuing relevance of their ideas in understanding the dynamics of Türkiye’s political identity, offering insights for future research into the influence of political ideologies on Türkiye’s evolving relationship with its past and future trajectory in the globalized world.

Contemplating Media Globalisation on World’s Issues: A Case of Malaysian Responses to the Tufan al-Aqsa’s Gaza Crisis

Jacky Li Chun-Leung; Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor (Corresponding Author) — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

This paper aims to discuss how the role of media globalisation shapes Malaysian consumers to show their Muslim identity while the international class of regional crisis happens or even reaches Malaysia. One of the events which have always been in the radar is the conflict between Israel and Palestine. It has been a focus worldwide on Gaza after the Tufan al-Aqsa started on 7 October 2023. The media has exposed the issue from different perspectives, including those who support or accuse Hamas in this recent conflict. However, Hamas is still being labelled as a terror organisation by the West. This article will choose McDonald’s and HP as examples to discuss why the boycott campaign against McDonald’s but not HP products, gain support from the people soon after the outbreak of the Gaza conflict in 2023. This is especially how media globalisation accelerated the fast-growing boycott campaign in Malaysia.

Further Thoughts on Undang-Undang Laut Melaka: A Malay Mirror of the Archipelagic Homeland and Maritime Culture

Sudarman Sudarman (Corresponding Author); Suryadi Suryadi, Johan Septian Putra — Wed, 28 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The Malacca Sultanate and its dependencies, an important maritime kingdom in Southeast Asia’s Archipelago (c. 1400-1511), once had maritime law called Undang-undang Laut Melaka (The Malacca Maritime Code). This law suggests the authorisation of the Malacca Sultanate to its territorial waters. Through an extrinsic or contextualist historically oriented approach, this article examines the narrative of the Code together with its historical, political, and socio-cultural context, including the religious (Islamic) spirit. This study also traces the influences of the Code on the legal systems of other local maritime kingdoms in the Archipelago and its continued appreciation in the modern era. This paper argues that the primary motivations for creating the Code were the economic opportunities and political interests that arose from international trade flowing through the Strait of Malacca. This trade escalated complex economic and socio-cultural contestation among the local population and foreigners. The findings demonstrated that in tandem with its Land Code (Undang-undang Darat), the Malacca Maritime Code regulates not only criminal matters but also moral aspects related to trade and shipping activities in the Kingdom of Melaka. It integrates elements of Islamic law and local customs, serving as a source of inspiration for many other local kingdoms in the Archipelago to arrange their maritime codes. In contrast, the post-colonial era witnessed a decline in the Code’s recognition due to colonialism and limited literacy of the Archipelago’s people, leading to a degree of neglect of this significant indigenous intellectual heritage.

Manuskrip Melayu MSS255 Al-Durr al-Nafis : Suatu Kajian dan Analisis Teks Kitab Tasawuf Nusantara

Wed, 28 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Kedatangan Islam ke Nusantara telah mewarnai kehidupan masyarakat di rantau ini khususnya dalam bidang pendidikan, bahasa, sastera dan tulisan. Senario tersebut telah melahirkan ramai cendekiawan dan ulama tempatan yang mempunyai kesedaran tinggi dalam aspek keintelektualan. Kebiasaan mereka mempunyai sumbangan dalam penyebaran agama Islam, penghasilan karya atau kitab dan pengajaran serta pendidikan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis salah sebuah teks manuskrip khazanah warisan Melayu dalam bidang tasawuf yang dikarang oleh ulama tempatan. Kaedah kajian merupakan kajian kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah dokumentasi iaitu dengan merujuk sumber primer teks manuskrip Melayu lama. Kajian memfokuskan teks-teks manuskrip yang berada di Pusat Kebangsaan Manuskrip Melayu (PKMM), Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia (PNM) sebagai bahan kajian. Data dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan di mana salah sebuah teks manuskrip al-Durr al-Nafis no. panggilan MSS225 dipilih sebagai sampel kajian atau skop kajian. Hasil dapatan memaparkan berkaitan susunan kandungan kitab, sumber rujukan penulisan kitab, keistimewaan dan pendekatan dalam penulisan kitab ini. Kajian memperlihatkan bahawa penulisan atau karya ulama Nusantara mempunyai nilai yang tinggi dalam memaparkan kesungguhan pengarang dalam menghasilkan sesebuah karya.

مفهوم الحضارة ومقوماتها بين سيد قطب ومالك بن نبي: دراسة مقارنة في الرؤية والمنهج والتطبيق

Shakira Alisakun (Corresponding Author); Abdelaziz Berghout — Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0800

The quest for revival, civilizational renewal, and the establishment of a robust civilization has been a central theme for the nation over the past decades. Many scholars and intellectuals have enriched this dialogue, offering diverse perspectives. Among the most impactful contributors to revivalist thought are Sayyid Qutb and Malek Bennabi, each proposing unique approaches. This study explores Qutb’s and Bennabi’s respective visions for the concept and components of civilization. It further analyzes the intellectual, methodological, and practical similarities and distinctions between their approaches to theory-building. Using an analytical-deductive approach, the study examines each thinker’s perspective on civilization and employs a comparative framework to highlight areas of convergence and divergence. Findings show that both thinkers reject adopting ready-made models, advocating instead for an integration of moral and material dimensions as foundational to civilization. However, their intellectual emphases differ significantly: Qutb’s approach is doctrinally focused, while Bennabi’s is grounded in social structures. Methodologically, Qutb’s perspective has a literary style, whereas Bennabi’s is scientific. Practically, Qutb favors a revolutionary approach, while Bennabi advocates for a dynamic, interactive model that may be more feasible to implement.